Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University

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https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/issue/feed Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 2024-07-25T12:47:37+02:00 د. طارق الصالح jas@sabu.edu.ly Open Journal Systems <h2>Applied  Sciences Biannual Peer Reviewed Journal Issued by Sabratha University</h2> https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/286 STUDY OF THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF FOUR DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COMMERCIAL DICLOFENAC SODIUM OF SELECTED PHARMACIES IN THE WESTERN REGION OF LIBYA 2024-07-25T12:26:03+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 286 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '476'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '477'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '478'

Mustafa Benamer m.benamer@zu.edu.ly Areej Tabon m.benamer@zu.edu.ly Mohamed Alfrah m.benamer@zu.edu.ly

Diclofenac is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in medical applications for the treatment of many diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the active ingredient of four brands of diclofenac sodium in the selected pharmacies in the western part of Libya to choose the best one. By comparison of the active ingredients of four different brands of diclofenac sodium (Olfen, Votrex, Emifenac, and Diclofenac Stada) has not been made available in public medical stores and pharmacies of Zawia, Libya. The study is based on the ultraviolet absorbance maxima at about 305nm wavelength of diclofenac sodium using a mixture solvent of water and ethanol. The solutions were scanned at the 200-400nm UV region. The wavelength maxima (λmax) was observed at 305nm, and this wavelength was adopted for absorbance measurement. In general, most of the studied available brands' drug was within the specified standard range of 40-50 mg except the Emifenac brand.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00
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##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/287 COMPARING SOLVING LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS WITH APPLICATIONS OF THE MOORE-PENROSE GENERALIZED INVERSE TO LINEAR SYSTEMS OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS 2024-07-25T12:26:56+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 287 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '479'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '480'

Zaineb Alkawash zaineb.alkawash@sabu.edu.ly Zaleekh Abu Zayd zaineb.alkawash@sabu.edu.ly

In this paper, two types of systems were considered. These are the linear systems of algebraic equations (LSAE) as well as linear programming problems (LPP). These systems were studied utilizing the theory of the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse (MPGI) of matrices. We show that the TORA software using to solve linear programming problems. The MPGI of matrices was used to solve linear systems of algebraic equations by means of comparing this solution with solving linear programming in which the TORA software was employed.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/288 NITRATES IN MAN-MADE RIVER COMPARED TO GROUNDWATER WELLS IN EL-KUFRA AREA 2024-07-25T12:28:42+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 288 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '481'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '482'

Zahia M.A. Bobaeda elzoyezezenia@gmail.com Fathi Elathram elathremf@gmail.com

The current research seeks to identify the quantitative analysis rates of the nitrate compound in the artificial river compared to groundwater wells in the Kufra region. The quantitative approach was relied upon in analyzing the study samples that were brought from three different areas of the Great River in Libya, and three other areas of groundwater areas in the Kufra Oasis. After subjecting the samples to quantitative analysis, we arrived at results including: Quantitative analysis of the compound “nitrate” from samples of the “man-made river” in Libya, which came at an average of (70.34) mg/L. As for the quantitative analysis of the compound “nitrate” in samples of “groundwater” in the “Kufra” oasis, it came at an average of (57.34) mg/L. Quantitative analysis of the compound “nitrite” from samples of the “man-made river” in Libya, which came at an average of (1) mg/L. As for the quantitative analysis of the compound “nitrite” in samples of “groundwater” in the “Kufra” oasis, it came at an average of (1) mg/L. Quantitative analysis of the compound “ammonia” from samples of the “man-made river” in Libya, which came at an average of (18.33) mg/L, which is a lower percentage than the average rate allowed in water, and the average percentage is (25) mg/L. While the trace percentage should not exceed (15) mg/liter, according to the World Health Organization. Quantitative analysis of the compound “ammonia” in “groundwater” samples in “Kufra” Oasis showed an average of (37.67) mg/L. Quantitative analysis of the compound "cyanide" from samples of the "Man-Made River" in Libya, which showed an average of (0.034) mg/L. Quantitative analysis of the compound "cyanide" in "groundwater" samples in the "Kufra" oasis showed an average of (0.67) mg/l. It is also lower than the normal rate set by the World Health Organization.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/289 DEGRADATION OF REACTIVE BLACK 5 DYE IN WATER FALLING FILM DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE REACTOR (DBD) 2024-07-25T12:30:47+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 289 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '483'

MUNERA MUSTAFA AONYAS muneramustafa020@gmail.com

Reactive Black 5 (RB5) is one of the synthetic reactive dyes frequent used in the textile industry, due to its solubility in water and reactive groups which form covalent bonds within the fibre. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of the Reactive Black 5 dye by using an advanced oxidation process in a non-thermal plasma reactor based on water falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). In the past decades, an increasing number of procedures have been reported to remove pollutants from wastewater.  An example of these is what is known as the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), which are employed for textile wastewater treatment. These (AOPs) are environmentally friendly methods based on chemical, photochemical or photocatalytic production of hydroxyl radical (HO•). This powerful oxidizer can react with most organic compound found in wastewater, such as dyes. The effects of different initial pH (9, 7 and 5) of the dye solutions on the degradation during subsequent recycling of the Reactive Black 5 dye solution through the DBD reactor. Change of pH values and the effect of pH adjustments of the dye solution after each recycling on colour removal were also tested. It was found that the initial pH of the dye solutions and the pH adjustments of the dye solution after each recycling process did not affect the colour removal. Decolonization of the Reactive Black 5 was studied using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in a non-thermal plasma reactor based on the coaxial water (DBD) film. The initial dye concentration in the solution was 40 mg /L. The dye solution was recycled through a DBD reactor with an applied energy density of 45-315 kJ/ L. The effect of residence time was studied after 5 minutes and 24 hours of plasma treatment. Changes in the pH values of the dye solution were tested after each recycling process. The decolourization and degradation effectiveness of high concentration dye Reactive Black 5 (40, 80, 200 and 500 mg/L) was examined. Efficiency degradation and possible degradation pathways were monitored by measuring the COD value. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the procedure in the Reactive Black 5 degradation. The final degradation products did not cause any significant toxic effects to Artemia salina.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/290 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN UROPATHOGEN ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 2024-07-25T12:32:22+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 290 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '484'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '485'

Halemah Mohamed Abulkasim h.abulkasim@wau.edu.ly Abdu-Alhameed A. Ali Azzwali Abdu_Azzwali@yahoo.com

Because uncontrolled and wide spread use of antibiotics, the resistance pattern of uropathogens is changing drastically, specifically in developing countries, such as Libya. The aim of the study was to identify the common causes of urinary tract infection (UTI) causing pathogens in the city of Alzawiya, Libya and to check the performance of available antibiotics used by those patients. Study design: random 203 UTI patients who exhibited general UTI systems were included in current study. A questioner was prepared to input the information associated with the experiment including symptoms of disease, age, sex, laboratory diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility. Place and duration of study: Arriada laboratories, Alzawiya, Libya, between May 2023 and Dec 2023. Methodology: midstream clean-catch urine samples were collected from 203 suspected urinary tract infection patients of different age and sex groups. Uropathogens were identified by standard and specific microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method following clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. findings: Sixty-one (30%) urine samples yielded significant bacteriuria of which 50 (82%) were obtained from female patients and 11 (18%) from male patients. Out of 61UTI patients, the prevalence of E. coli was 36 (59%) whereas for K. pneumonia was 18 (29.5%). Five were identified as Pseudomonas. aureuginosa while 2 were identified as Proteus. Mirabilis. most of the organisms were moderately resistant to Sulphamethoxazole, Cefuroxime, Cefixime and Nitrofurantion. E. coli showed 97.2% sucsebtibility to Amikacin (35/36, 97.2%) and resistant to Sulphamethoxazole (19/36, 52.7%). Klebsiella. Pneumonia was sucsebtible to Amikacin (18/18, 100%) and resistant to Sulphamethoxazole (11/18, 61.1%). P. aeuruginosa was found to show susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin (5/5, 100%) and 100% resistant to Cefuroxime (5/5, 100%). Proteus. Mirabilis found to be sucsebtible to Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Cefixime (2/2, 100%) and 100% resistant to Cefuroxime and Nitrofurantion (2/2, 100%). Conclusion: urinary tract infection has high prevalence in females than males in the area of study with most commonly bacterial isolates of E. coli and K.pneumonia. Although high percentage of uropathogens isolates developed a resistance against available used antibiotics, it seems that combined use of antibiotics is more effective against a particular uropathogen.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/291 SMOOTHING EFFECTS FOR A MODEL OF QUASI GEOSTROPHIC EQUATION 2024-07-25T12:33:48+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 291 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '486'

Samira Alamin Mohamed Sulaiman samira.sulaiman@zu.edu.ly

In this paper, we prove an estimation on Lebesgue space  for a model of quasi geostrophic equation. For this, we use the Lagrange coordinates, and passing the  estimation for the equation localized.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/292 CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS 2024-07-25T12:34:35+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 292 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '487'

Rebah D. Sarreb Rebahdaw2018@gmail.com

Breast Cancer is a common disease in women. Its early detection and classification using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can effectively improve the patient's survival. In this study six Machine Learning Algorithms were applied to the dataset of Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) these are, Naïve Bayes (NB), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Tree (DT). The data were preprocessed and split according to their size into 0.2 and 0.3. Each algorithm was tested and evaluated using performance metrics to classify the breast cancer into Malignant or Bingen tumors. Finally, the results of the algorithms are compared to each other. The results revealed that the LR and SVM achieved high accuracy (98%) at the size of the data test 0.3, whereas the lowest accuracy was NB (92%). Reducing the size of the data test to 0.2 improved the accuracy of all algorithms except DT, The LR had the best accuracy (99%). All the work was done in the Spyder environment based on Python programming language.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/293 ENERGY-EFFICIENT INTRUSION DETECTION IN WSN: LEVERAGING IK-ECC AND SA-BILSTM 2024-07-25T12:39:52+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 293 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '488'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '489'

Sana Abouljam s.abouljam@zu.edu.ly Anesa Al-Najeh anesa.alnajeh@sabu.edu.ly

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a vital role in numerous applications. This paper proposes an energy-efficient intrusion detection framework for WSNs. Initially, nodes are registered to the network. During registration a unique key is generated for each node. Then, the nodes are formed into cluster and for each cluster CH and SCH are selected. Thereafter, the path is created between the clustered nodes and the CH. After that, data transmission begins. To attain secure data transmission, the unique signature is generated for each data using RS-ECDSA and then the data is encrypted by IK-ECC. The encrypted data is transmitted to the sink node (SN), which acts as the gateway to base station (BS). In the SN, subnet masking and batch verification is performed. After that, IDS using Bi-LSTM is employed this predicts whether the data is attacked or not. The experimental result stated that the proposed method withstands energy efficient as compared to existing methodologies.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/294 THE EFFECT OF ADDING POLYMER COMPOUNDS TO METALS ON ITS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 2024-07-25T12:40:58+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 294 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '490'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '491'

Lutfya Almagguz lutfyaalmagguz@gmail.com Suliman Shanbr s.shanbr@lata.ly

Metals, especially iron, are the basis of most industries, especially metal industries. Since the general trend now in all countries and all sectors is to achieve sustainability, whether economic, environmental, or social sustainability, it was natural to search for new ways and methods to develop and improve both properties of metals, whether mechanical or physical. Adding polymer compounds to metals improves their mechanical properties and increases the strength of the metal by distributing stresses more uniformly, which reduces the possibility of fractures and cracks, and also increases the durability of metals by improving their ability to withstand repeated loads without breaking. It also increases the hardness of metals by improving their resistance to deformation. Polymer compounds increase the shock resistance of metals by absorbing impact energy. In this study, Polymer compounds were added to iron by dissolving the polymer in molten iron, and then the change in mechanical properties such as hardness, durability, shock resistance, and strength was studied, the experimental methodology in this study was used. The results showed that adding polymer compounds (Polyethylene, polyester, glass fiber reinforced polymers) to iron improved iron's main mechanical properties. The all properties were increased, strength by 20:25%, toughness by 15:23%, hardness by 12.5:28%, and impact resistance by 15:40%. This means that adding polymer compounds to iron can be an effective way to improve its mechanical properties.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/295 EXPLORING DEADLOCK DETECTION ALGORITHMS IN CONCURRENT PROGRAMMING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION 2024-07-25T12:43:09+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 295 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '492'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '493'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '494'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '495'

Ahmed Elajeli Rgibi ahmed.rgibi@sabu.edu.ly Abdusamea Ibrahim Omer aia@sabu.edu.ly Amany Khalifa Alarbish amany.alarbish@sabu.edu.ly Amal Apojila Osha amal.oshah@sabu.edu.ly

Concurrency in computing systems brings numerous benefits, but it also introduces challenges, including the potential occurrence of deadlocks. Deadlocks arise when multiple processes are unable to proceed due to each waiting for a resource held by another process, halting system progress and leading to resource wastage. The knowledge gap in deadlock detection in concurrent programming involves understanding various techniques and algorithms to identify and prevent deadlocks. Also, distinguish the difference between deadlock detection algorithms. In this work, the deadlock detection process and various deadlock detection algorithms used in concurrent programming were explored. Additionally, a variety of these algorithms were discussed in depth, including the banker's algorithm, the wait-for graph algorithm, and the resource allocation graph algorithm. It was also provided with a comprehensive explanation to help understand how it works. Moreover, an analysis was conducted on the strengths, weaknesses, and performance characteristics of different deadlock detection techniques.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/296 ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF BACTERIAL SPECIES CAUSING GINGIVITIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES 2024-07-25T12:44:26+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 296 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '496'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '497'

Ahmed S. Zahmoul ahmadzahmool@gmail.com Jamila M AL-Mowashem ahmadzahmool@gmail.com

Background: People with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) tend to develop a variety of infections, including gum disease. Oral infections can make it difficult to control diabetes and cause many complications since the bacteria from severe gum disease may increase both blood sugar levels. Over the years, numerous studies have confirmed that oral dysbiosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of the most common oral diseases. Materials and Methods: A survey study conducted at Sabratha Teaching Hospital (STH) aimed to detect the pathogenic bacterial species isolated from the oral cavity of diabetes mellitus patients type 2 (males and females) from different age groups as compared with those isolated from the oral cavity of healthy individuals. The first group (group A) included 30 cases of T2DM suffering from gingivitis, whereas the second group (group B) included 30 healthy participants as a control group who attended a dental clinic. Results: The most common bacterial species present was Streptococcus mutans, with a frequency of 18 and a percent of 33.3%), followed by Streptococcus anginosus, 11 (20%), Enterococcus faecalis, 7 (13%), Staphylococcus aureus, 6 (11.2%), Streptococcus salivarius, 5 (9.2%), Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 (7.4%), and finally Staphylococcus epidermides, 3 (5.5%). The most affected age group in Group A was > 60 years old, with a percentage of 43.3%, followed by the age group of 50–60 years old, with a percentage of 33.3%, while the lowest percentage was for the age group of 20–30 years, with a percentage of 3.3%. As for group B (the control group), the highest percentage was for the age group 50–60 years, with a percentage of 36.7%, while the percentage for the age group > 60 was 26.7%, and the lowest percentage was for the age group 30–40 years, with a percentage of 13.3%. Conclusion: The most important observation of the current study was that T2DM increases the presence of some special bacterial species that may develop into pathogenic bacteria, which lead to infections under special conditions. Naturally, further studies are required to understand more details about this problem and to explore different complications related to this subject of research.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/297 التحقق من تأثير الجلوزة (Glycation) على الخصائص الوظيفية للمعزول البروتيني لبذور زهرة دوار الشمس Helianthus annuus L. 2024-07-25T12:45:12+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 297 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '498'

محمد عبد الله الشريف m.alshareef@wau.edu.ly

This study aimed to improve the functional properties of protein isolated from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds by modifying it by glycation with glucose. Sunflower protein seeds isolate was prepared and glycated using the wet heating method, and then some properties were studied. The results revealed an improvement in the volume and stability of the foam and the ability to absorb water and oil after the glycation process, as there was a noticeable difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the foam volume of the glycated protein isolate (0.841 ml foam/ml liquid) compared to the native protein isolate which was not exposed to any treatment (0.682 ml foam/ml liquid), and the stability of the foam improved from (0.104 ml foam/ml liquid) for the native protein to (0.125 ml foam/ml liquid) for glycated protein under the same conditions. The results also indicated a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in the ability to absorb water from (1.85 g water/g sample) for native protein to (2.32 g water/g sample) for glycated protein, as well as from (1.71 g oil/g sample) to (1.97 g oil/g sample) in the ability to absorb oil for both native and glycated protein respectively.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/298 مشاكل تقدير القوام في الترب الجيرية 2024-07-25T12:46:35+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 298 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '499'

علي محمد عبدالله العيساوي gokingman2000@gmail.com

The study was conducted to examine the effect of removing CaCO3 only, removing OM only, and removing them together on estimating the texture in calcareous soils for (4) soil samples from three regions of eastern Libya: Benghazi (1), Benghazi (2), Marawa, and Al-Bayda. These soils vary in the percentage of CaCO3 and OM. The texture was estimated. The soil was processed through 4 treatments: not removing the binder material, removing CaCO3 only, removing OM only, and removing both together. The texture was estimated by removing the weight of the binder material in each treatment when calculating the texture. The results showed that there was no variation in texture for the soil that contained a low percentage of CaCO3 and OM, “6.14%-1.56%,” respectively, as in the soil of Benghazi (2), where the texture was “silty-clay-loam” while the variation was little in the soil of Benghazi (1) with the presence of a small percentage of OM, “1.2%,” despite the high percentage of CaCO3 to 17%. When the colliding materials were not removed and only CaCO3 was removed, the texture was loam. When removing only OM, the texture was “silty-clay-loam” As for removing both, the texture was “clay-loam". This variation was greater in Al-Bayda soil, from “silty-clay” in the untreated soil to clay when only OM was removed, to “sandy-clay-loam” when only CaCO3 was removed, to “clay-loam” when both were removed, but with an increase in CaCO3 with a small percentage of OM, as in Marawa soil, the texture It was “sandy-loam” in all transactions.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jas.sabu.edu.ly/index.php/asjsu/article/view/299 دراسة فعالية بعض المستخلصات النباتية ضد فطرPenicillium digitatum المسبب للعفن الأخضر في البرتقال 2024-07-25T12:47:37+02:00

(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 299 ORDER BY seq

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '500'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '501'

(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '502'

أحلام القمودي زعيط ah.zaet@zu.edu.ly أماني ناجي حدود ah.zaet@zu.edu.ly سهى عبدالوهاب جموم ah.zaet@zu.edu.ly

The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Botany Department - College of Science, which dealt with the effect of plant extracts of garlic, turmeric, and cloves in controlling the growth of the Penicillium digitatum fungus that infects orange fruits. All extracts showed an inhibitory effect against the fungus P. digitatum. The inhibitory effectiveness varied depending on the type and concentration of the extract and ranged between 9.1% and 48.7%. The results of the study showed that the percentage of growth decrease in the presence of clove extract amounted to 25%, while the percentage of decrease in growth in the presence of clove extract was 20%. and 7%, respectively. The results showed that the highest inhibition of fungal growth was 48.7% at a concentration of 10% for clove extract, followed by turmeric extract at 38% at the same concentration.

2024-04-27T00:00:00+02:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement##

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