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Abstract
Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection varies significantly across different age groups, influenced by a range of factors including socioeconomic conditions, hygiene practices, and dietary habits. Generally, the prevalence tends to increase with age, peaking in middle adulthood, and then either stabilizing or decreasing in older age groups. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate age- and sex-related variations in IgG and IgM antibody responses associated with H. pylori infection. Methods: A total of 185 (129 females and 56 males) participants were classified into seven age groups, ranging from 0–10 years to over 60 years. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations were assessed according to age and sex. Antibody levels were evaluated using predefined cut-off values and categorized as negative, borderline, or positive. Results: IgG concentrations exhibited considerable variation across age groups, with higher mean levels generally observed in several middle-aged categories. The highest mean IgG concentration was recorded in the 51–60-year age group. Variations in IgG classifications were also observed across age categories, indicating differences in serological responses. Among males, IgG levels similarly demonstrated substantial age-related variability. In contrast, mean IgM concentrations in both sexes remained below the predefined positive threshold. All female and male age groups were classified as IgM-negative, despite variations in mean concentrations and standard deviations. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate age-related variation in IgG antibody responses to H. pylori, whereas IgM levels remained consistently low across age and sex groups. The observed IgG patterns may reflect differences in exposure and the persistence of antibody responses. However, serological findings alone cannot establish active infection or distinguish current from past exposure.