ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF BACTERIAL SPECIES CAUSING GINGIVITIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Abstract
Background: People with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) tend to develop a variety of infections, including gum disease. Oral infections can make it difficult to control diabetes and cause many complications since the bacteria from severe gum disease may increase both blood sugar levels. Over the years, numerous studies have confirmed that oral dysbiosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of the most common oral diseases.
Materials and Methods: A survey study conducted at Sabratha Teaching Hospital (STH) aimed to detect the pathogenic bacterial species isolated from the oral cavity of diabetes mellitus patients type 2 (males and females) from different age groups as compared with those isolated from the oral cavity of healthy individuals. The first group (group A) included 30 cases of T2DM suffering from gingivitis, whereas the second group (group B) included 30 healthy participants as a control group who attended a dental clinic.
Results: The most common bacterial species present was Streptococcus mutans, with a frequency of 18 and a percent of 33.3%), followed by Streptococcus anginosus, 11 (20%), Enterococcus faecalis, 7 (13%), Staphylococcus aureus, 6 (11.2%), Streptococcus salivarius, 5 (9.2%), Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 (7.4%), and finally Staphylococcus epidermides, 3 (5.5%). The most affected age group in Group A was > 60 years old, with a percentage of 43.3%, followed by the age group of 50–60 years old, with a percentage of 33.3%, while the lowest percentage was for the age group of 20–30 years, with a percentage of 3.3%. As for group B (the control group), the highest percentage was for the age group 50–60 years, with a percentage of 36.7%, while the percentage for the age group > 60 was 26.7%, and the lowest percentage was for the age group 30–40 years, with a percentage of 13.3%.
Conclusion: The most important observation of the current study was that T2DM increases the presence of some special bacterial species that may develop into pathogenic bacteria, which lead to infections under special conditions. Naturally, further studies are required to understand more details about this problem and to explore different complications related to this subject of research.
